Ethics and Communication

RESEARCH PAPER ON: ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION Abstract It’s obvious that technology has played a huge role in the way we conduct business today. Have these technological advances created a new breed of easily distracted, inefficient employees? Are employees cheating their own corporations out of time, money, and overall productivity? Many agree that the advent of email, instant messaging, and the world-wide-web have created an easy way for employees to take unnoticed and unregulated personal breaks throughout the work day. Beyond the lack of productivity created by these employees, this type of behavior also has the potential to create other serious problems for the organization. For these reasons, many employers must decide whether or not to implement internet usage policies. Many of these policies may even use monitoring devices for email, IM, and website history. We will examine the ethics and the consequences of employees taking personal time on the company dime. Ethics and Communication: Personal Time on the Company Dime In the workplace, there are numerous ways for employees to communicate with co-workers, friends, and family. Traditional communication channels were limited to phone, mail, and face-to-face interaction. Technological advances over the last twenty years have given employees a surplus of new ways to communicate. Employees now have the ability to use e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging, face-to-face video-conferencing, and networking websites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter. All of these new electronic capabilities have enabled employees to contact friends and family within seconds. There is no question that these technological advancements have improved our quality of life. In contrast, they have also decreased the overall productivity of many employees. Employees across the globe are taking advantage of these available resources and using them for personal time at work. According to a survey taken in 2005 by Salary. com and AOL, more than 10,000 employees admitted to wasting an average of 2. 09 hours per day (Sahadi, 2005). This study showed that the time wasted by employees in 2005 totaled around $759 billion (Sahadi, 2005). These figures illustrate the economic severity of allowing employees to use their work time for personal reasons. Studies have shown that e-mail is the most widely abused way of stealing company time. According to a survey by Harris Interactive, â€Å"55% of the 1,711 respondents said that they send and receive personal  e-mail  on their work accounts. † (Schweitzer, 2007). This clearly lowers productivity. However, there are many other negatives associated with using personal e-mail in the workplace. Many viruses are spread through e-mail attachments. Viruses can destroy important files, hardware, and entire networks. Also many personal e-mail accounts are highly vulnerable to hackers who gain unauthorized access in order to steal financial data or critical trade secrets. An electronic disaster like this could cost a corporation millions of dollars. An additional nuisance caused by using work accounts for personal use is excessive â€Å"spam†, or junk e-mail. According to a study by Nucleus Research Inc. in 2003, the average employee receives 13. 3 spam e-mail messages per day (NRI, 2003). N. R. I. lso found that in 2003 â€Å"spam† will cost the average organization 1. 4% in productivity, or $874 per employee per year (NRI, 2003). As the research confirms, the use of personal e-mail at work has the potential to be devastating for corporations and its employees. The ethical option for all employees is to resist using work e-mail accounts for personal matters. Additionally, they should avoid using their personal e-mai l accounts at work. Instant messaging is a different tool that many employees utilize to chat with co-workers, family, and friends while at their desks. Instant messaging services such as AIM or Yahoo! Messenger offer free instant messaging by simply downloading the software. It enables employees to chat in real time with people all over the world. Unfortunately, these instant messaging services are highly unsecured. They are easy targets for hackers looking to steal important corporate information. These programs also allow the transfer of files from one user to another with ease. This makes the transfer of viruses just as easy. Also, IM’s are an easy way for disgruntled employees to spread confidential information to competitors (Gaudin, 2002). Many co-workers like to use instant messaging for its ease and speed when working on projects. However, some of these employees also use the technology as an electronic â€Å"water cooler† to gossip and chit-chat. They are now able to talk without having to keep an eye out for the boss; thus sacrificing productivity. Generally, instant messaging should be used very carefully by employees to avoid any of the headaches it can create. Many people in the U. S. spend a large amount of their free time surfing the web. This habit tends to transfer over to their work time. According to the 2005 [email  protected] survey, â€Å"93% of all employees in the U. S. spend at least some of their time at work accessing the Web, up from 86% a year ago† (CNN, 2005). Of that 93%, they spend an average of 3. 4 hours per week surfing the internet for non-work related reasons (CNN, 2005). The survey also asked a very interesting question; â€Å"Which would you rather give up, your morning coffee or your internet connection at work? † (CNN, 2005). Over half of the respondents chose to give up their caffeine addiction; perhaps these employees are also â€Å"addictedâ€Å" to surfing the net. The most popular sites to visit among employees are news sites, online banking sites, and online shopping sites. Some employees even admitted to visiting pornographic websites while at work. Pornographic websites are breeding grounds for viruses, spyware, adware, and many other programs that can destroy company computers and networks. There are also legal issues that can arise from inappropriate â€Å"surfing†. If any other employees are exposed to these pornographic images, a sexual harassment complaint could be filed. The corporation can then be held liable. As an employee, it’s important to be ethical in the manner you use the internet. All employees need to understand that the websites they visit at work not only reflect themselves, but the company as a whole. All of the various problems associated with personal e-mailing, instant messaging, and surfing the web need to be addressed by management. First, it is important that the corporation has a strong code of ethics. Many of these issues could be avoided by implementing and enforcing a strong code of ethics throughout every level of the organization. The next step is to create an internet usage policy. There are many disagreements between managers regarding how strict these policies should be. For example, many employers advise a â€Å"zero tolerance† policy. This type of policy restricts any and all use of company resources for personal use. Some managers feel this type of policy is even more harmful to overall productivity than no policy at all. Geoff Haggart of WebSense comments; â€Å"The solution lies in balancing employees' needs for personal use of the Web at work without draining overall productivity, morale of the company's bottom line. (CNN, 2005). I agree with this rationale. I think the key is making sure that there is a limited amount of free time that employees receive in order to take care of appropriate personal matters while at work. Additionally, it is important that management is very clear in their definition of what is appropriate and what is not. There is no room for a gray area in a usage policy. Af ter the guidelines are set, a monitoring system should be set up to enforce the policies. Many employees complain about the lack of privacy in monitoring employees. I agree that employers should try to keep employees happy; however, I feel this is a sacrifice that management should be willing to make. Either way, corporations have the right to monitor any employee’s e-mail and internet use. In my opinion, employee monitoring is necessary in order to protect the corporation from the many dangers of irresponsible internet usage. In conclusion, it’s important that employees and employers are on the same page when it comes to the responsible use of electronic resources. Employees should be ethical and monitor their own use of company resources for personal matters. Likewise, employers need to recognize that some employees need short breaks throughout the work day to stay productive. Like many things in life, a compromise between the two is necessary to ensure a pleasant and productive work environment. References Sahadi, Jeanne. (2005). Power Slacking On The Job. CNN. com. Retrieved September 17, 2009, from http://money. cnn. com/2005/07/08/pf/wastedtime_job/ Schweitzer, Tamara. (2007). Seven Out of 10 Employees Admit to Abusing Office Computers, Phones. INC. com. Retrieved September 22, 2009, from http://www. nc. com/news/articles/200701/workers. html Gaudin, Sharon. (2002). IM Security Risks Spark Workplace Monitoring Debate. Datamation. Retrieved September 25, 2009, from http://itmanagement. earthweb. com/secu/article. php/1458241 Spam: The Silent ROI Killer. (2003) Nuclear Research Inc. Retrieved September 26, 2009, from http://www. spamhelp. org/articles/d59. pdf Web surfing ‘as addictive as coffee'. (2005, March 19). CNN. Retrieved September 26, 2009, from http://edition. cnn. com/2005/BUSINESS/05/19/web. work/index. html

Female Education and Economic Growth

Female Education and Economic Growth Case Study Of India Economic growth in India India is classified as a lower middle income country, and since 2011 is no longer regarded as a developing country (World Bank Database, 2012) due to recent high economic growth (Kohli, 2006). In 2010, the country had a real GDP growth of 8. 8 percent and a nominal GDP per capita of 1410. 3 dollars (World Bank Database, 2012). According to AT Kearney, an International consulting group (Rao & Varghese, 2009), India is ranked as one of the best countries to start a new business in.The foreign investment rate, might be a proof of that. The ministry of finance in India believes it will reach almost 40 percent of the GDP by 2013. Not only the foreign investments have increased but the domestic savings and investments has also gone up and were about 30 percent of the GDP in 2009 (Rao & Varghese, 2009). The ratio of poor people6 has decreased from 45. 3 percent to 29. 8 percent between year 2000 and 2010 (Worl d Bank Database, 2012). Even if poverty has decreased one third of the population is still thought to be poor (World Bank Database, 2012).Poverty negatively affects the opportunity for many to be able to enroll in school negatively. The state has a major role to mass educate the population and increase human capital (Duraisamy, 2001). One of the most important ways to do that is to reduce the fertility rate. It is one of the major components to long-term economic growth in India (Dreze & Murthi, 2001; Tilak, 2006; World Bank, 1997; Yadava & Chadney, 1994). A lower fertility rate means a higher GDP per capita (Weil, 2009), and more money to invest in the country and its inhabitants (World Bank, 1997). Education in India The 1. billion people (World Bank Database, 2012) of India's 28 states, together with its seven union territories, do not speak the same language, do not share the same culture and do not have the same religious beliefs. Educational system differs in the respective st ates due to the fact that it is partly regulated by the state and partly by the local government (Kajisa ; Palanichamy, 2009; World Bank, 1997; World Bank, 2004). In 1999 India spent 4. 5 percent of its total GDP on education, but spending on education has declined since then. In 2006, spending dropped to 3. 1 percent (World Bank Database, 2012).Article 45 in the Indian Constitution states: â€Å"†¦ for free and compulsory education for all children until they reach the age of 14† (in Andreosso-O'Callaghan, 2003). 7 As can be seen in article 45, ambitions have been high since 1960s. In year 2000 approximately 18. 5 million children were out of school. In 2007 the number was 4. 9 million. Primary completion rate also increased and in 2008 it was around 95 percent, for both males and females8 (World Bank, 2012). The quality of governmental schools has been questioned in India (Duraisamy, 2001). Even if the completion rate in primary schooling is high, literacy rate is not reflecting that.Between year 2000 and 2006 there has been little change in the literacy rates, which was just under 50 percent for females and approximately 75 percent for males (2006) (World Bank, 2012). Some argue that good quality schooling is only available for the rich and higher middle class in private schools, especially for boys (Andreosso-O'Callaghan, 2003). According to Easterly (Andreosso-O'Callaghan, 2003) elite education does not lead to economic growth. If ability is seen as innate, it means that the majority of the people who are not included in the elite will not be able to use their full potential.This is a great social loss, and might slow down India's future long-term economic growth (Esteve- Volart, 2004; Klasen, 2002; Rao ; Varghese, 2009). For example, in China, mass education has been the key to a fast growing economy (Andreosso-O'Callaghan, 2003). Chatterji (2008) claims that primary education has the highest correlation with economic growth in India, seconda ry education have some effect and tertiary education being insignificant to economic growth. The reason Chatterji (2008) came to that conclusion might be the debated â€Å"surplus of education† in the media.India supplied domestic labor market with 22 million graduates (2009) and faced high youth unemployment rates (Rao & Varghese, 2009). However, Tilak (2007) disagrees. According to him higher education has a significant effect on economic growth, but it is not as strong as the effects of primary and secondary education on economic growth in India. Female education in India As mentioned above approximately 18. 5 million were out of school in the year of 2000, almost 75 percent of these children were girls9. Out of 5 million children out of school in 2007, 3. 5 million were girls.The data indicates that ratio is still approximately the same. In year 2007 the expected years of education for women and men respectively was 10. 9 for males and 9. 8 for females. However, this was not reflected on the average years of schooling in 2010. The mean years of schooling for girls over the age of 15 were approximately 4. 5 years and about 7 years for boys (World Bank, 2012). 10 Figure 1: Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance (World Bank Database, 2012). As can be seen in figure 1, gross female school enrollment11 rate has increased for all levels in India between 1990 and 2010.The highest increase has been in primary education after the millenium and forward. The high percentage rate of female enrollment rate in primary schooling might be an indication that women in all ages are enrolling in school, independent from appropriate primary schooling age in the country. This might be due to an increase in informal schooling, which will be reviewed later in the paper. Secondary schooling is spiriling up as well, which might be due to an increase of the middle class in India. However, tertiary education does not have as high increa se in enrollment as primary and secondary schooling.This might as well be due to an increase of the middle class. Females staying at home is a sign of financial stability (Duraisamy, 2001), therefore the incentives to enroll in tertiary education might decrease. Figure 2: When figure 1, is compared to figure 2, which shows the trends for male schooling in India between 1990-2010, it is possible to see that the gap between male and female enrollment is closing. In the beginning of 1990 almost 110 percent of males were enrolled in primary schooling, whilst only 80 percent of females were enrolled in the same level.In 2010 the enrollment for males and females is almost the same. This might be because of subsidies for girls, but also that informal schooling which first of all targets females and the poor has showed results. The enrollment for male secondary schooling has slightly increased during the last two decades, while the female secondary enrollment significantly has increased. Th is might be due to the facts mentioned for primary schooling, as well as completion of primary schooling and therefore the ability to move on to the next level of schooling.The increase of the middle class might also be a reason for this. Tertiary schooling is moving in the same pace more or less both for males and females, slightly more males than females join higher education. Which might be an indicator that the most bright ones, or with the most money have the ability to join, independent of gender. It is also important to mention the states hard work since the 1960's to make its inhabitants see the positive sides with education, working hard for families to see the benefits of schooling for girls.A woman's socioeconomic background might affect the level of completion rate. If a family is poor, one rather invests in sons than daughters (Chaudhri & Jha, 2011; World Bank, 1997). Women from the middle class in the majority of cases finish at least primary education, irrespectively if they live in rural or urban area. Women from the upper class in the urban areas, usually have at least secondary education, and more often can chose if they want to become a part of the labor force or not. There are few or no social barriers prohibiting them from joining the labor market (World Bank, 1997).Duraisamy (2001) came to the conclusion that female education has a positive rate of return for all levels of education in India. World Bank (1997) came to the same conclusion, but only when participation in the labor market was not accounted. One reason for this might be that majority of women do not work after finishing school but become stay at home mothers. Therefore education for women might not give the same economic return on the investment compared to men who join the labor force and therefore contribute to increased income per capita.This finding might be questioned due to exclusions of positive externalities mentioned earlier in the paper. Before continuing on and rev iewing the impacts of female education on economic growth through a decline in fertility rate and increase in human capital, it is important to clarify the diversity in India. In the 1990s some states had almost universal education, such as the southern state of Kerala. In Kerala, both men and women can choose whether to join the labor force or not. In other parts of the country, such as states of Bihar and Rajasthan, overall female enrollment was about 50 percent.In Punjab on the other hand, an agricultural state in the north, overall female enrollment was almost 80 percent, but labor participation for women was extremely low (World Bank, 1997; World Bank, 2004). Female education's effect on fertility rate in India Dreze and Murthi (2001) argue that female education together with low mortality rate and low son- preference are the only significant factors reducing fertility rate in India. They add that modernization and urbanization, poverty reduction and male literacy have no signi ficant association with reduced fertility rate.On a national level, a drop in fertility rate reduces population growth and therefore increases income per capita. A lower mortality rate is indirectly affected by female education. According to the World Bank (1997; 2004) literate women have more knowledge about how to feed their children; they grasp the importance of hygiene and clean water, and know more about a child's basic health. This decreases child mortality, and therefore women does not have to plan for as many children (Dreze and Murthi, 2001; Yadava & Chadney, 1994). Figure 3:Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance (World Bank Database, 2012). Figure 4: Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance (World Bank Database, 2012). In figure three and four one can view that fertility rate and mortality rate have decreased significantly in the last 20 years. Majority of the scholars such as Klasen (2002) cla im that only secondary female education has a direct effect on reducing fertility rate while primary education has an indirect effect in reducing fertility rate through reducing mortality rate for children under the age of five.Comparing figures one, two and three one can comprehend that it might be true. Mortality rate has had a higher percentage decrease than fertility rate and primary female enrollment is higher than secondary. There is a strong son-preference in India. Parents might continue to have children until they get a son. A weaker son-preference could decrease the fertility rate by eight percent (Dreze and Murthi, 2001; Chaudhri & Jha, 2011; Esteve-Volart, 2004; Mutharayappa, Choe, Arnold & Roy, 1997; Yadava & Chadney, 1994).Some argue that modernization did not show to have any direct effect on fertility rate in India but might lower son-preference indirectly through female education. However, this might not only be true for female education solely, but for education in general as well (Dreze & Murthi, 2001; Yadava & Chadney, 1994). 13 In India, female secondary education has a stronger direct effect in reducing fertility rate, than primary education. An educated woman might not desire as many children as an uneducated one. They also have a higher probability to give birth to as many children as desired.Thus, the actual family size has a higher chance to be close to the desired. This indicates to an increased knowledge of contraception use and that educated women marry later than uneducated ones. The income and substitution effect both occur in India, as explained above (Dreze & Murthi, 2004). In 1994 in Gujarat, women with no education had 3. 6 children, mothers with primary education had 3. 3 children, and women who had completed secondary school had 2. 4 children. In Rajasthan the fertility rate in 1991 was 6, and in Kerala the fertility rate the same year was 2. 6.The rate of female enrollment in these states was very different, from almost un iversal in Kerala to less than 50 percent in Rajasthan (Mutharayappa, Choe, Arnold & Roy, 1997; World Bank 1997; 2004). 14 It is commonly believed that poverty has a significant positive effect on fertility rate. As mentioned earlier, Dreze and Murthi (2001) have not found any association between poverty and fertility rate in India. Studies have shown that parents do not view children as financial assets. Instead they are seen as a financial burden in short-term, with a possibility that sons will take care of them in old age.This perception in India seems to be independent of income. Female education's effect on human capital in India After China, India has the second largest labor force in the world, of approximately 500 million people (Rao ; Varghese, 2009; Sahoo ; Kumar Dash, 2009). This is a possible foundation for high productivity and therefore economic growth. However, if the population is unhealthy, illiterate and uneducated then the large population might not translate into a high human capital. In India, where majority of the mothers stay at home, they are the ones taking care of children's health needs (Esteve-Volart, 2004).There has been shown, not only in India, but in the whole world, that mothers who are literate have more nurtured and healthier children, than their illiterate counterpart (Tembon & Fort, 2008). Therefore female education has shown to be both directly (through women joining the labor force) and indirectly related to a higher human capital, hence higher economic growth. Good health and nutrition received in early age is an important condition for good health as an adult. For example, in India, vaccination against polio and malaria increases when a mother is educated to some extent (World Bank 1997).However the causality between female education and better health and attainment in school can be questioned. The poorest women have the least access to education in India, and therefore do not have access to financial assets as educated women might have. Healthy children facilitate mother's ability to go back to paid or un-paid work much faster than women who have unhealthy children (World Bank, 1997; 2004). This means that the opportunity cost of female education for girls decrease, if mothers and siblings are healthier. This might increase female enrollment, and decrease drop-out rate among girls.Therefore, an increase in knowledge of basic health due to female education increases human capital in more than one way (Esteve-Volart, 2004; Rao ; Varghese, 2009). In the majority of cases, fathers join the labor market while mothers stay at home, especially in rural areas. In India there is a positive relation between educated mothers and their children's achievements in school. Studies have shown that a mother's education increases not only the health and therefore concentration level of a child in school, but also the motivation and grades.Once again we can see that educated mothers have positive effects on their d aughters. Educated mothers, especially in urban areas, encourage their daughters more often to strive for a higher education, than uneducated ones (World Bank, 2004). Policies that promote female education in India The Indian government has been working hard since the late 1960s to be able to give universal education to its population (Duraisamy, 2001; Tilak, 2006). It is not the easiest task in India where the population grew from approximately 890 million in 1991 to over 1. billion in 2010. The hardest ones to reach are the Dalit15 girls. Indian government has tried to increase the demand for education for them through subventioning the direct costs of their education, for example text books and uniforms (Ferry, 2008;Munshi ; Rosenzweig, 2006). 16 A project that started in the 1980s in India was informal schooling. The purpose was and is mass education for those who had the least possibilities to enter formal schooling and provide basic knowledge in subjects that students can use in their everyday life.These schools reduce opportunity cost of female education through having schools closer to communities in rural areas and during the day when girls do not have to be involved in household work. There are many positive effects of informal schooling, which are similar to those of primary education. However, the national institute of educational planning and administration reported that the informal education had several weaknesses, especially in the poorest areas in the country like Bihar.It was said to be underfunded, curriculum was thought by unmotivated teachers and few children continued with formal education (World Bank, 1997). Studies made in urban Mumbai shows that some girls from former casteless groups, the Dalits, have been the biggest winners. These women used free education offered to them and became active members of the labor market and have taken themselves out of the poverty trap. In contrast to women from the middle class who might not have been able to do so because of the social norms (Ferry, 2008).In summation, the key factor for long-term economic growth in India is a decrease in fertility rate. The proof that female education affects economic growth through fertility rate reflects findings of Dreze and Murthi (2001) who argue that the only factors which decrease fertility rate in India are female education, low mortality rate and low son-preference. It is also proven that female education has both direct and indirect effect on human capital which creates effect on economic growth as well. Obstacles for female education in India are mainly related to social and cultural norms, as well as a high population.

Essay about Van Gogh Starry Night - 942 Words

Brilliance of Van Gough’s Work The Starry Night Vincent Van Gough is one of the most well known artists of all time, and one of his most popular paintings, The Starry Night, is an expression of his mystical vision. Vincent Willem Van Gogh was born in The Netherlands in 1853, he was a mentally plagued man but in his times of clarity produced works of art that to this day continue to astound people (Frank P.375). The Starry Night is oil on canvas landscape painting that Van Gough painted while in a mental Asylum at Saint-Remy in 1889 (Webmuseum). The Starry Night is one of the most recognizable paintings in the world and Van Gough’s techniques used in this work of art have elements and principles of design that made it renowned, famous†¦show more content†¦The brush strokes and variation of shades of color that Van Gogh is known for creates a texture that make the painting seem rough but soft at the same time. Van Gough uses the elemental pieces of art to form the principle of his design. Swirls in the sky give the feeling of movement as the wind is blowing while looking over the town on a cold night. The swirls in the sky also draw the viewer to move their eyes across the painting and look down at the town and then back to the large cypress tree. This is Van Gough’s use of asymmetrical balance and use of variety to let the viewer take in all the elements of the painting. The different sizes or proportion of the stars, town and cypress tree are all perceived different in real life, but Van Gough uses size to draw attention toward and away from objects while the similar brush stokes create a sense of rhythm and unity between all of them. â€Å"Connecting earth and sky is the flame like cypress, a tree traditionally associated with graveyards and mourning† MoMA 35). The cypress tree is the largest object in the painting and gives emphasis to it that draws the viewerâ€℠¢s attention. My first impression of The Starry Night is that it is a nice picture of the stars at night, but after doing research and studying the painting I have a new appreciation for it. Van Gough in response to this painting said, â€Å"Looking at the stars always makes me dream. Why, I ask myself, shouldnt the shining dots of the sky be asShow MoreRelatedVan Gogh And Starry Night927 Words   |  4 PagesWhile researching Vincent Van Gogh, I found out several interesting facts about him that I previously didn’t know. I also found out information on one of his famous paintings, Starry Night . My goal for this essay is to provide information and insight into both van Gogh and Starry Night. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a post impressionistRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1465 Words   |  6 PagesStarry Nigh ts The captivating painting by Vincent Van Gogh, The Starry Night is a work of art completed by Van Gogh in 1889. Van Gogh had wanted to paint something that represented the night sky for some time, but many people are interested to find out that Van Gogh actually painted The Starry Night during his time at Saint-Paul-de-Mausole, an asylum and clinic for the mentally ill. There is much debate over the legacy of Van Gogh, and his â€Å"Turbulent Mindstate† however we can examine much of theRead MoreVan Gogh s Starry Night1671 Words   |  7 PagesIn Vincent Van Gogh’s Starry Night there are many aspects of the artwork that are symbolic of Van Gogh’s life struggles. It is easy for the viewer to assume that the aspects of Starry Night represent van Gogh’s time in the asylum, however, not all aspects represent his insanity and isolation. Starry Night is van Gogh’s representation of his biography inspired by his loss of faith, which can be seen and suppo rted by the symbols of the church and the stars. It is fair to say van Gogh was not in aRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1633 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper attempts to present a discussion of Vincent van Gogh’s painting the Starry Night, in terms of his art style that lead people to interpret a different way of reality and the impact of that style subsequently on modern day artistic culture. Also, van Gogh’s late style that inherit his religious belief, his experience and his knowledge of astrology is also worth to mention that, as exhibited in this painting, had not only a direct artistic impact that inspire other artist to imitate it, butRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1302 Words   |  6 PagesStarry Night is a famous painting by Vincent Van Gogh. Starry Night was constructed in 1889. At the time of his existence, Van Gogh was not well known. Van Gogh only sold one painting during his lifetime, and only became popular after his death like many other artists at the time. To fully understand this painting, one must know the personal life/struggles of the artist himself. When people hear the name â€Å" Vincent Van Gogh,† most automatically think of the crazed artist that cut off his own ear andRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1433 Words   |  6 Pages A Cypress Tree in the Midst of the Stars Vincent Van Gogh, the Dutch artist who painted Starry Night, was disrespected and unappreciated for his works during his life. However, today he is considered one of the greatest Dutch painters. Today, his work is known for its detail, beauty, and emotion. One might claim that Vincent Van Gogh’s painting Starry Night depicts his supposed insanity. However, his painting Starry Night depicts his feelings of isolation, his feelings of alienationRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Starry Night Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night (p. 389) in 1889. For this piece of artwork van Gogh used oil paint on a 29 X 36 1/4 canvas. In this painting van Gogh painted a dark village with a giant Cypress tree placed along with a small spiral church which draws the viewer s attention towards the sky that is depicted with stars and swirls upon the dark village. Van Gogh placed an emphasis on the Cypress tree by painting it large, long, and pointing towards the sky. He alsoRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1372 Words   |  6 PagesVincent van Gogh was an incredible painter who was a part of the post-impressionism movement of art. Many believe his artwork and style shaped 20th-century art and many artists incorporated his painting style. Van Gogh is often regarded as on of the fathers of post-expressionism. Sadly, critics only appreciated his work after his death, by a self-inflicted gunshot, in 1880. Before starting my research into van Gogh. I knew as much as the ordinary person would about him. His artwork is so renownedRead MoreThe Starry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1582 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Arts Thesis Question 11-07-14 Vincent van Gogh One of my favorite pieces of art growing up was The Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh. Van Gogh was a man of his times, but what was his life like? Van Gogh had a religious upbringing and was originally going to be a minister as his occupation. But my main focus and what I want to know, is what were the influences on his life and how did they affect his painting? Between all of these things van Gogh had many influences. The religious influenceRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh990 Words   |  4 PagesStarry Night is notoriously famous and is probably Vincent Van Gogh’s most well-known piece of art, but that is all for a reason. Van Gogh very unique curving lines throughout the work and they create a flow to the painting that is very somber and fascinating. The line quality of the work seems whimsical in ways yet intentional, the lines are not pressed in very hard on the painting, you can tell because there are color differences within the lines meaning Van Gogh made casual strokes to create the

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Essay Topics on Diversity and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Essay Topics on Diversity and Why You Must Take Action Today The War Against Essay Topics on Diversity There's a small danger that she'll secure a reader who won't accept the Goth'' culture Carrie describes, but most readers will adore the manner Carrie approaches her topic in addition to her straight-shooting style. You're able to deliver tell the reader on how you apprehend diversity for your own personal words. Think about the different uses of the term culture that you described in the last question. In addition, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. Using Essay Topics on Diversity Culture needs to be learned. Diversity is an essential part of our culture and success. America is a real mixture of many cultures represented by a range of cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds that presents a distinctive characteristic that defines its citizens. Promoting equality and diversity in the classroom does not need to be a challenge and is something which all children ought to be acquainted with from a young age. You have to have invested yourself in the area of diversity to have lived and breathed uniqueness as a way to write successfully about how you'll bring about your school's diverse population. To continue to keep our society's diversity, students should not be impacted by their upcoming possibility to acquire work. As this decade, several initiatives are taken towards gender equality throughout the world. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Topics on Diversity College essay topics are among the most daunting sections of the application approach. The essay does not have any grammatical errors, and a few of the short, punchy phrases reveal a high amount of rhetorical sophistication. Far better concentrate on another topic for your health care school diversity essay. 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God Is The God Of Wine And Parties - 963 Words

Dionysus is the god of wine and parties. He is the son of Semele, a mortal, and Zeus, god of the sky and ruler of all the gods. There have been many similarities between Dionysus and Jesus made by people throughout history yet we have to wonder why do we need Dionysus? He is not exactly the most moral god ever. Is he actually important and necessary in Greek mythology? Does his danger outweigh his importance and necessity? What is the play telling us about sanity and insanity? There have been so many similarities throughout history noted between Dionysus in The Bacchae and Jesus in The Bible. Some similarities include their births, people wanting to kill them as infants, others disbelief that they are gods, the persecution because others do not believe in their divinity, and their rebirths. Both gods were born to virgins and miraculously conceived without sex. When Semele told others about her pregnancy, she was mocked. â€Å"They said that Dionysus was no son of Zeus, but Semele had slept beside a man in love. Cadmus lied to protect his daughter’s name.† (Euripides 20, 28). In the book of Matthew, Mary conceives a child through the Holy Spirit while she was still betrothed to Joseph (Matthew 1:18). Both gods’ lives were in danger as infants. When Dionysus was born Zeus’s wife, Hera, was furious Zeus had had another affair and tried to throw Dionysus down Mount Olympus. Zeus hid Dionysus and gave Hera â€Å"a [baby] molded piece of the ether that encircles the Earth† (Hathaway 247)Show MoreRelatedDescription of Beer in History of the Worlds in Six Glasses by Tom Standage765 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome a social drink. Standage goes on to explain about another beverage made with wild grapes vines produced between 9000 and 4000 BCE in northern Iran (p 47). Wine became a symbol of social differentiation and a form of conspicuous consumption. 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It begins by telling of the divine origins of the birth of Jesus, then goes on to prove that He is the Son of God because of the miracles he performs and finally describesRead MoreChrist Has No Body 1085 Words   |  5 Pages I was excited to receive your letter and I am equally thrilled to respond to your request. For thousands of years mankind has conflicted against the power of evil in order to reach a state of harmony with God. The many different views of each religion seem to have compounded the issue of who may be right and who may be wrong. Regardless of our pers onal beliefs, our goal seems to always remain the same, to be united with Christ in heaven. The poems of St. Teresa of Avila, My Beloved One is MineRead MoreThe Mysteries Of The Beatitudes1472 Words   |  6 PagesKingdom of heaven is revealed to us, and God’s saving plan becomes evident. Additionally, the luminous mysteries introduce part of the Church’s counsel throughout time. What God said at the Baptism in the Jordan is echoed by John the Baptist and at the Wedding at Cana, by Mary. What is said is to follow the word of God and do what he tells you. (Apostolic Letter). The luminous mysteries are an integral part of Catholicism. The first luminous mystery happened at the Baptism in the Jordan. ThisRead MoreExploring Judaism1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthe previously mentioned religions is that Judaism is based on the old testament entirely excluding the new testaments in its teachings. Jews believe that they are the people chosen by God and that because of the covenant they have the duty, more than any other group of people, to keep the law of God. The law of God in Judaism comes in the form of the Torah. The books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, which are said to have been written by Moses, form the Torah. Judaism justRead MoreFour Ways God Answers Our Prayers1186 Words   |  5 PagesFour Ways God Answers Our Prayers By Wisdom Emamuzo Peter | Submitted On June 09, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Wisdom Emamuzo Peter It is an established fact that God answers prayersRead MoreJesus: Signs and Miracles Essays1307 Words   |  6 Pagestruth about Him—His is God. In this gospel, Jesus goes toe-to-toe with many of the Jewish spiritual leaders (i.e., Pharisees, Sadducees, Scribes, etc.) in order to show the people who He truly is. Scholars disagree with how many Messianic signs Jesus performed, but one thing remains—every single sign pointed back to the fact that Jesus was who He claimed to be. The signs performed by Jesus show both the Israelites of old, as well as the people of today, that He is, indeed, God. Jesus performed eightRead MoreThe Squat Oinochoe946 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning wine, and cheo meaning I pour2. These types of vessels are usually single-handled, and usually taller than its width.2 They were used to pour and hold wine during events or parties. Miniature versions have been found in children s graves, invariably decorated with scenes involving young children.2 During an event in Athens called Anthesteria, the second day of the festival called Choes, these were used when the newly-opened wine was drunk.2 Besides being used at event and parties, these

Iraq and united states Essay Example For Students

Iraq and united states Essay Even though the countries of Iraq and the United States have much friction between each other it is very surprising how much the constitutions of both nations are alike. James Madison became the main writer of the United States Constitution, which was adopted in 1789 . The 13 states ratified the constitution, making it the basis of the Government of the United States. In 1990 the Iraqi government adopted their constitution. The Revolutionary Council wrote their constitution as the framework for the government of Iraq. The United States Government consists of three branches. The Legislative branch proposes and enacts laws, and can impeach members of the other branches. The Judiciary branch interprets the laws and makes sure they are constitutional. The Executive branch enforces the laws, and can veto bills passed by Congress. The highest level of power in Iraq belongs to the Revolutionary Command Council. Its responsibilities are to elect the president from its members, make up the laws, and elect a vice president. The members of the Revolutionary Command Council assume full immunity and nothing can be taken against any member without a majority vote from the council. There is also a National Council made up of representatives from different sectors, who ratify laws made by the president. Iraq also has a judiciary branch. Our First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech and freedom of the press. The Iraqi Constitution guarantees freedom of opinion, political parties , press and syndicate, within the law, only if it follows the Revolutionary, national and progressive trend. The First Amendment also guarantees freedom of religion. In Iraq the national religion is Islam, however they also have freedom of religion. In Iraq you are allowed to own a limited amount of land, but in the United States you can own unlimited land if you can pay for it. If you are accused of a crime in the United States, you have the right to a trial by a jury of your peers, the right to a lawyer, and you cannot be forced to testify against yourself. The Iraqi constitution includes the rights of innocent until proven guilty at a legal trial, and the right to defense. I have learned that our government is different from other nations because the power comes from the people, instead of the government having all the power and granting the people certain rights.

Paper Renovating Home Depot free essay sample

The big-box store is thriving under CEO Bob Nardellis military-style rule | Five years after his December, 2000, arrival, Chief Executive Robert L. Nardelli is putting his stamp on what was long a decentralized, entrepreneurial business under founders Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank. And if his company starts to look and feel like an army, thats the point. Nardelli loves to hire soldiers. In fact, he seems to love almost everything about the armed services. The military, to a large extent, has become the management model for his entire enterprise. Of the 1,142 people hired into Home Depots store leadership program, a two-year training regimen for future store managers launched in 2002, almost half, 528 are junior military officers. More than 100 of them now run Home Depots. † It’s one thing to have faced a tough customer. Its another to face the enemy shooting at you. So they probably will be pretty calm under fire. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper Renovating Home Depot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nardelli is a detail-obsessed, diamond-cut-precise manager who, in 2000, lost his shot at the top job at General Electric Co. Overall, some 13% of Home Depots 345,000 employees have military experience, vs. 4% at Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Importing ideas, people, and platitudes from the military is a key part of Nardellis sweeping move to reshape Home Depot, the worlds third-largest retailer, into a more centralized organization. That may be an untrendy idea in management circles, but Nardelli couldnt care less. Its a critical element of his strategy to rein in an unwieldy 2,048-store chain and prepare for its next leg of growth. The kind of discipline and maturity that you get out of the military is something that can be very, very useful in an organization where basically you have 2,100 colonels running things, Rivals such as Wal-Mart are plunging deeper into home improvement products, while archenemy No. 1, Lowes Cos. is luring Home Depot customers to its 1,237 bright, airy stores. Even as other companies seek to stoke creativity and break down hierarchies, Nardelli is trying to build a disciplined corps, one predisposed to following orders, operating in high-pressure environments, and executing with high standards. The cultural overhaul is taking Home Depot in a markedly different direction from Lowes, where managers describe the atmosphere as demanding but low-profile, collaborative, and collegial. Lowes does not have formal military-hiring programs, nor does it track the number of military veterans in its ranks. Observes Goldman, Sachs Co. analyst: Bob believes in a command-and-control organization. In Nardellis eyes, its a necessary step in Home Depots corporate evolution. Even though founders Marcus and Blank were hardly a pair of teddy bears, they allowed store managers immense autonomy. Whether it was an aisle, department, or store, you were truly in charge of it, says former store operations manager and Navy mechanic Bryce G. Church, who now oversees 30 Ace Hardware stores. And the two relied more on instincts than analytics to build the youngest company ever to hit $40 billion in revenue, just 20 years after its 1979 founding. In the waning years of their leadership in the late 1990s, however, sales stagnated. The company grew so fast the wheels were starting to come off,† These days every major decision and goal at Home Depot flows down from Nardellis office. Theres no question; Bobs the general, Although he has yet to win all the hearts and minds of his employees, and probably never will, Nardellis feisty spirit is rekindling stellar financial performance. Riding a housing and home-improvement boom, Home Depot sales have soared, from $46 billion in 2000, the year Nardelli took over, to $81. 5 billion in 2005, an average annual growth rate of 12%, according to results announced on Feb. 21. By squeezing more out of each orange box through centralized purchasing and a $1. 1 billion investment in technology, such as self-checkout aisles and in-store Web kiosks, profits have more than doubled in Nardellis tenure, to $5. 8 billion. Home Depots gross margins inched up from 30% in 2000 to 33. 5% last year. But fast-growing Lowes is still Wall Streets darling, in large part because analysts are only now getting comfortable with Nardellis strategy. CULTURE OF FEAR Nardelli has pushed his cultural makeover hard in the five years since he has been at the helm. But not all have embraced him, or his plans. BusinessWeek spoke with 11 former executives, who describe a demoralized staff and say a culture of fear is causing customer service to wane. Before he arrived, managers ran Home Depots stores on tribal knowledge, based on years of experience about what sold and what didnt. Now they click nervously through BlackBerrys at the end of each week, hoping they made plan, a combination of sales and profit targets. The once-heavy ranks of full-time Home Depot store staff have been replaced with part-timers to drive down labor costs. Underperforming executives are routinely culled from the ranks. Since 2001, 98% of Home Depots 170 top executives are new to their positions and, at headquarters in Atlanta, 56% of job changes involved bringing new managers in from outside the company. As a manager, Nardelli is relentless, demanding, and determined to prove wrong every critic of Home Depot. He treats Saturdays and Sundays as ordinary working days and often expects those around him to do the same. The military, says Nardelli, trains its recruits to be leaders and think on their feet, skills he wants in Home Depot stores. I just think these are folks who understand the importance of training, understand the importance of youre only as good as the people around you. Indeed, the Home Depot of Bob Nardelli is being run with military-style precision. These days everyone at Home Depot is ranked on the basis of four performance metrics: financial, operational, customer, and people skills. The company has placed human resources managers in every store, and all job applicants who make it through a first-round interview must then pass a role-playing exercise. Dennis M. Donovan, Home Depots executive vice-president for human resources and a GE alumnus, measures the effectiveness of Home Depot workers by using an equation: VA = Q x A x E. Its meaning? According to Home Depot, the value-added (VA) of an employee equals the quality (Q) of what you do, multiplied by its acceptance (A) in the company, times how well you execute (E) the task. The goal is to replace the old, sometimes random management style with new rigor. While Nardelli is careful to say that the military is just one pipeline of talent into Home Depot, the company also recruits senior citizens and Latinos through four Hispanic advocacy groups. Now, with Lowes and Wal-Mart picking off Home Depots customers, Home Depot is moving quickly to whip the troops into shape. What worked 20 years ago may not work today. Its as simple as warfare. We dont fight wars the way we used to. SIMPLE SLOGANS To win the customer service war, Home Depot has adjusted its tactics. Home Depot plans to roll out a 25-page booklet dubbed How To Be Orange Every Day. All store employees will be expected to keep it in their apron pocket. It contains aphorisms such as customers cannot buy what we do not have, we create an atmosphere of high-energy fun, and every person, penny and product counts. It is expected that such simple slogans will help shore up Home Depots once-vaunted customer service. They recall the four basic responses to an officers question in the Navy: Yes, sir; No, sir; Aye, aye, sir; and Ill find out, sir. It is seen as an effort to align all Home Depot workers on the same page when it comes to serving customers. I think about that line from A Few Good Men when Jack Nicholson says: Are we clear? and Tom Cruise says: Crystal . A former executive says that Nardellis effort to measure good customer service, instead of inspiring it, is to blame: My perception is that the mechanics are there. The soul isnt. Home Depot executives add that internal polling shows customer satisfaction is improving, but they wont release complete resul ts. They point to Harris Interactives 2005 Reputation Quotient, an annual 600-person survey that combines a range of reputation-related categories, from customer service to social responsibility. The survey ranked Home Depot No. 12 among major companies and reported that customers appreciated Home Depots quality service. Some of the same former managers who blame Nardellis hardball approach for corroding the service ethic at Home Depot describe a culture so paralyzed with fear that they didnt worry about whether they would be terminated, but when. COMMAND OF DETAILS Still, its hard even for Nardelli critics, including ones he has fired, not to admire his unstinting determination to follow his makeover plan. But some of them question his business model (squeezing efficiencies out of the core business while buying up new businesses) can work in a retail environment where taking care of customers is paramount. Bob has brought a lot of operational efficiencies that Home Depot needed, says Steve Mahurin, But he failed to keep the orange-blooded, entrepreneurial spirit alive. Home Depot is now a factory. Can his plan work? Ab-so-lute-ly, says Nardelli. This is the third time this business model has been successful. He rejects the idea that he has created a culture of fear. The only reason you should be fearful is if you personally dont want to make the commitment, says Nardelli. â€Å"He says Home Depot is dealing with the challenges of being a more centralized company just fine. And he makes no apologies for laying off the ranks of underperforming store workers and executives to achieve aggressive financial objectives. We couldnt have done this by saying, Run slower, jump lower, and just kind of get by, insists Nardelli, hardening his gaze. So I will never apologize for setting the bar high. Questions: 1. Compare Home Depot under Nardelli’s leadership and under the Markus and Blank leadership. What has changed? List main features of both leadership styles with its main advantages and disadvantages. 2. To what extent can we find elements of the classical management approaches in Home Depot under Nardelli’s leadership? Comment on the formula â€Å"VA = Q x A x E† to measure employee’s effectiveness. Be specific when relating to theories / authors. 3. List Home Depot stakeholders and indicate how they have been impacted by Nardelli’s new company’s culture. How each stakeholder has been impacted? Who are the beneficiaries? Who has been impacted negatively? Be specific. Paper renovating Home Depot Question 1: Compare Home Depot under Nardelli’s leadership and under the Markus and Blank leadership. What has changed? List main features of both leadership styles with its main advantages and disadvantages. The main features of the leadership of Markus and Blank were: â€Å"laid-back†, â€Å"independent†, †supportive† and â€Å"participative† Advantages: Their employees were happy with the way they were allowed to work. The store managers had a lot of independence in running their stores. A respected and customer friendly atmosphere in the store. Disadvantages: With these styles they weren’t able to let the store grow bigger financially. The main features of the leadership of Nardelli were: â€Å"task oriented†, â€Å"directive†, â€Å"autonomous†, â€Å"inflexible† and â€Å"autocratic† The advantage of this styles are that he had a good overview over his company and that he was able to make more financial growth. Disadvantages: He neglected the enthusiasm of his people with being too strict. By only wanting to make the store grow bigger he didn’t paid much attention to the importance of the customers and his customer service. What has changed? What has changed the most were the differences in leadership styles of Nardelli and Markus Blank. The employees were used to a more laid-back and independence style of leading from Markus, but when Nardelli came he had new ideas for change. Nardelli believed that managing by metrics was the best way to guarantee fairness in judging a person’s performance. He wanted control, however the store managers felt that they lost their autonomy and independence. This led to the failure of unification of commitment and enthusiasm of his followers. Question 2: To what extent can we find elements of the classical management approaches in Home Depot under Nardelli’s leadership? Comment on the formula â€Å"VA = Q x A x E† to measure employee’s effectiveness. Be specific when relating to theories / authors We can find elements classical management approaches in his leadership in a couple things. Like administrative and bureaucratic. Controlling for instance. He invested heavily in technology. He also wanted to virtually measure everything in the company and hold top managers strictly accountable for meeting the numbers. With this investment he was able to measure performances and could take action to ensure desired results. We can also find a lot of organizing. The book How to be orange everyday is a good example. With this book he wanted to arrange his people to accomplish the work. And by leading the company with a military approach he wanted to get as much as organized as he could. Quote: The kind of discipline and maturity that you get out of the military is something that can be very, very useful in an organization where basically you have 2,100 colonels running things, The formula: â€Å"Nardelli was clearly able to deliver profits while trimming the costs. Under his tenure, the company made vital investments that improved the infrastructure and operations. As a result, the company delivered strong and consistent growth. †(Howell, Debbie) â€Å"Some of the same former managers who blame Nardellis hardball approach for corroding the service ethic at Home Depot describe a culture so paralyzed with fear that they didnt worry about whether they would be terminated, but when. †( Grow, Brian, Diane Brady, Michael Ardnt. ) Relating to Debbie Howell his leadership was very effective to get his employees work hard and deliver a great success to the company’s growth. The quality of what they did and the way they executed must have been really good. However I think they sometimes felt not so accepted while there was a lot of pressure to succeed. Question 3: List Home Depot stakeholders and indicate how they have been impacted by Nardelli’s new company’s culture. How each stakeholder has been impacted? Who are the beneficiaries? Who has been impacted negatively? Be specific. Employees Shareholders Community I think they all have been impacted by his new company culture because the former owners had a very different way of leading than he had. There must have been some change for every stakeholder. His military way has definitely impacted all of them but of course in their own way. Employees have been impacted by his new culture in losing their independency and had to follow strict rules under a high pressure of good performance. Who feared losing their jobs. The shareholders first gained more profit form the financial growth but his last year was less profitable. Bob has brought a lot of operational efficiencies that Home Depot needed, says Steve Mahurin, chief merchandising officer at True Value Co. and a former senior vice-president for merchandising at Home Depot. But he failed to keep the orange-blooded, entrepreneurial spirit alive. Home Depot is now a factory. (Howell, Debbie). The community including customer also suffered of his changes in customer service. â€Å"Nardelli has pushed his cultural makeover hard in the five years since he has been at the helm. But not all have embraced him, or his plans. BusinessWeek spoke with 11 former executives, who describe a demoralized staff and say a culture of fear is causing customer service to wane. †(Bu sinessweek) The beneficiaries were the shareholders who had a higher dividend because of the big financial growth but later on they were also treated negatively because of the stagnating numbers in his last year. The Board of Directors also approved the sale of Home Depots supply division to increase shareholders value. † The ones who have been impacted most negatively were the employees. â€Å"He used a functional structure in which he made all major decisions and monitored all activities while the staff just served as an extension of the management. This is not how the company was run in the past, and it made some of the Home Depot board members nervous. His ambition also drove him to expand the service component of the organization. This was stretching the company strategy into a whole new area in which Home Depot was not familiar. †